聯合國特別程序,是指由人權理事會或其前身人權委員會任命的獨立人權專家,就人權相關的專題或人權狀況令人關注的特定國家,提交建議和報告。特別程序可以個人的形式進行,如特別報告員和獨立專家,或者以每個聯合國區域小組各一名獨立專家組成的五人工作小組開展。
特別程序通常由人權理事會決議設立的任務而產生,任務概述它的專題或國別屬性及職責。特別程序行動可能包括國別訪問、向成員國發函提出侵犯人權的狀況以引起關注、發布報告、進行專題研究以及諮詢。這一職位的候選人由范圍廣泛的參與者提名,包括國家、非政府組織和個人。人權理事會的協調小組隨後評估被提名人,從他們的專業、經驗、獨立性、公正性和個人品行進行考慮,向理事會主席推薦候選人。
自從第一個特別程序設立以來——1967年南非特設專家工作組和種族隔離問題特別報告員,特別程序的數量和作用一直在穩步提升。1980年,被強迫或非自願失踪問題工作組設立,這是第一個專題任務,而不是國別任務。隨後,更多的專題任務設立,包括了1982年的法外處決、即審即決或任意處決問題特別報告員、1985年的酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰問題特別報告員。截至2014年6月,人權理事會設立了37個專題任務,涵蓋了從公民和政治權利到經濟、社會和文化權利有關的一系列議題,以及13個國別任務。
(中文翻譯僅包括標題頁、目錄或引言摘錄)
2021
2019
2016
Links
[1] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/te-bie-cheng-xu
[2] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/te-bie-cheng-xu-lai-wang-han-jian
[3] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/ren-yi-ji-ya-wen-ti-gong-zuo-zu-dui-ge-de-yi-jian
[4] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/211206_hric_subm_to_srijl_ch.pdf
[5] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/210831_hric_submission_to_srt_thematic_report_ch.pdf
[6] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/210730_hric_submission_for_srfoaa_50th_hrc_session_report_ch.pdf
[7] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/210614_hric_submission_srfoe_ch.pdf
[8] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/210218_hric_submission_to_sr_education_public_ch.pdf
[9] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/210129_submission_to_srfoaa_47th_hrc_ch.pdf
[10] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/190215_hric_submission_ch.pdf
[11] https://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/161120_hric_submission_to_srfoe_ch.pdf
[12] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/zhong-guo-yu-lian-he-guo
[13] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/node/12252/
[14] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[15] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/2018nian-lian-he-guo-dui-zhong-guo-de-pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[16] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/2013nian-dui-zhong-guo-de-pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[17] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/2009nian-dui-zhong-guo-de-pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[18] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/lian-he-guo-tiao-yue-ji-gou-yu-zhong-guo
[19] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/zhong-guo-he-jin-zhi-ku-xing-gong-yue
[20] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/can-ji-ren-quan-li-guo-ji-gong-yue-crpd
[21] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/er-tong-quan-li-gong-yue-crc
[22] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/xiao-chu-dui-fu-nu-yi-qie-xing-shi-qi-shi-gong-yue-cedaw
[23] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/xiao-chu-yi-qie-xing-shi-zhong-zu-qi-shi-guo-ji-gong-yue-cerd
[24] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/gong-min-quan-li-he-zheng-zhi-quan-li-guo-ji-gong-yue-iccpr
[25] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/jing-ji-she-hui-wen-hua-quan-li-guo-ji-gong-yue-icescr
[26] http://www.ohchr.org/CH/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Welcomepage.aspx
[27] http://www.universal-rights.org/component/k2/special-procedures-determinants-of-influence
[28] http://www.escr-net.org/docs/i/425392
[29] https://www.hrichina.org/cht/juan-kuan-fang-shi
[30] http://eepurl.com/bh-Afn
[31] http://www.youtube.com/user/hrichina
[32] http://www.twitter.com/hrichina
[33] http://www.facebook.com/hrichina