August – November 2009
|
August 19, 2009 |
Writer and Independent Chinese PEN Center member Liu Shui (刘水) was informed that his application for a travel permit to Hong Kong and Macao was denied as his leaving mainland China endanger state security. The officer refused to provide a written explanation for the refusal upon Liu’s request. On August 17, Liu applied for the permit at the public security bureau in Qingyang, Gansu Province.1 |
|
September 1, 2009 |
Xie Changfa (谢长发) convicted of “subversion of state power,” sentenced to 13 years’ imprisonment and five years’ deprivation of political rights by the Changsha Intermediate Court, amongst the most severe sentences of a political dissident in several years. Xie was accused of establishing the party and its local branch as well as compiling articles with intent to disseminate in order to overturn the power of the state. His family plans to lodge an appeal on his behalf.2 |
|
September 2, 2009 |
Police in Wenping Township, Wugang, Hunan, detained fifteen people, charging them with being “cult members with ulterior motives” and “Falun Gong practitioners.” However, local villagers state that these people were detained due to their involvement in an August 8 protest over a polluting factory that caused many local children to have lead poisoning.3 |
|
September 4, 2009 |
Beijing-based petitioners Pei Baoyin (裴宝印) and Zhang Guohua (张国华) were taken away by plainclothes officers while distributing leaflets on Jinshui Bridge, between Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City, in Beijing. This was the third time that Zhang had been detained for distributing leaflets.4 |
|
September 8-9, 2009 |
Zhou Xiong (周雄) and his family were put under surveillance; Zhou was then taken away by local authorities on September 10. Liu Hai (刘海) was detained by local authorities while waiting for a train en route to Beijing to attend what officers told him was an “illegal meeting.” Zhou and Liu are both fathers of children who developed kidney stones after drinking milk made from melamine-tainted milk formula. Zhou and Liu, both from Jiangsu Province, were to attend a meeting in Beijing commemorating the revelation and confiscation of the tainted formula organized by parents whose children were sickened or who had died due to the tainted formula. According to one of the main organizers, Zhao Lianhai (赵连海), other parents had also been warned by police, though the Beijing police had issued him a letter on September 10, 2009, stating that the commemorative event had been approved.5 |
|
September 9, 2009 |
Liang Yongli (梁永立) and Yu Tong'an (余同安) participanted a protest with other parents whose children had died or been sickened by vaccines outside the Ministry of Health in Beijing. On September 11, Liang agreed to meet local officials who had been hounding him by phone for days and was detained. He then was forcibly returned to Jiangmen, Guangdong, and locked inside the Xinhui District Party School. He was released on September 14 only after his wife and sickened daughter protested by hunger strike outside the Xinhui municipal government building.6 Yu was also forcibly returned to Jiangmen and locked inside the Xinhui District Party School on September 14. He was released on September 18, after promising that he would not petition unreasonably.7 |
|
September 10 |
Sun Wenguang (孙文广), a retired professor from Shandong University, issued an open letter online to President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao, calling that the parade for the 60th Anniversary of the founding of the PRC be cancelled. On September 16, Sun, who included his mobile number with the letter, received an SMS in response, threatening that he would be “stabbed” and “burned in an incinerator.”8 |
|
Mid-September |
Half a month before the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, activists, dissidents, petitioners, and lawyers came under increased control across China. In Beijing, several were compelled to leave, including China Democracy Party member Gao Hongming (高洪明)9; house church pastor Chen Tianshi (陈天石)10; dissidents Wang Ling (王玲) and Yang Jing (杨靖)11; and activist Qi Zhiyong (齐志勇), who was disabled after the June Fourth crackdown.12 Others, including Zha Jianguo (查建国), the first Chairman of the China Democratic Party,13 and activist Liu Anjun (刘安军),14 were placed under house arrest. |
|
September 15, 2009 |
Beijing-based artist and activist Ai Weiwei (艾未未) successfully underwent a surgical procedure in Munich, Germany to relieve pressure from a blood hemorrhage in his head. Ai had been beaten and detained on August 12, 2009, so that he could not attend the trial of Sichuan-based writer and environmentalist Tan Zuoren (谭作人).25 |
|
September 15, 2009 |
Jingzhou, Hubei activist Wang Yihua (王义华) was summoned by the local police in the early morning and then lost contact with his family. On September 16, his family received a phone call from the police saying that Wang had been detained for criticizing the local government on the internet. The authorities did not state when he would be released.26 |
|
September 15, 2009 |
Beijing-based rights defense lawyer Jiang Tianyong was placed under house arrest for half a day during the opening of the fourth plenary session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC.27 |
|
September 17, 2009 |
Beijing house church activist Hua Huiqi (华惠棋) left home with two police who requested that Hua dine with their superior and then went missing. Hua had just returned to Beijing from a forced “vacation” in Shanxi Province, which began in August , on which he was taken in order to show the “stability of Beijing” during the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China. Four days prior, on September 13, 2009, Hua’s ministry, the Tent-makers Christian Fellowship was raided by officials; the Ministry predominately trained Christians, including the disabled, with practical skills. On September 22, Hua Huiqi was escorted by five state security officers to Beijing's Tiantan Hospital to meet for a short while with his ill elder brother, Hua Huilin (华惠林); he was then again taken away. Hua Huilin’s wife and children, who were in the hospital room at the time, were not permitted to speak with Hua Huiqi and were escorted to a subway station by state security officers. After three weeks in an undisclosed location, Hua Huiqi was finally released and returned home to his family on October 10.28 |
|
September 17, 2009 |
Beijing-based dissident Li Hai (李海) went missing without contact. According to a friend, Liu Di (刘荻), Li had been informed by state security officers that he would not be permitted to remain in Beijing during the National Holiday. Li, who participated in the 1989 student movement, organized in the early 1990s the documentation of people punished in the post-June Fourth crackdown and assisted overseas organizations in disseminating aide to political prisoners and their families. In 1996, Li was convicted of "providing state secrets" to overseas organizations and sentenced to nine years’ imprisonment and two years’ deprivation of political rights. He was released in 2004.29 |
|
September 18 |
Shenzhen-based democracy activist Guo Yongfeng (郭永丰) disappeared without contact. Guo had been informed on September 17 that his suit against the Shenzhen police for illegal detention would be heard in court on September 22. Guo informed several people online about the case that night; the next day he went missing.30 |
|
September 19 |
Zhuhai, Guangdong-based petitioner and disabled veteran Chen Fengqiang (陈风强) was formally arrested on charges of “provoking an incident and causing a serious disturbance.” Chen was taken away by authorities on August 15 from his home; he later informed his family that he was being detained in detention center in Chongwen District, Beijing for “obstructing official business.” His brother received the arrest notice on September 24.31 |
|
September 23 |
The investigation period for the case against Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波) was again extended by another two months. When Liu’s lawyer, Ding Xikui (丁锡奎), was notified of the extension by an officer, he requested that he be allowed to meet with his client. Ding was informed that the officer in charge of Liu’s case was out of town and could not approve a meeting. The investigation period of Liu’s case previously had been extended for one month on August 24.32 |
|
September 23 |
Sichuan-based writer and poet Liao Yiwu (廖亦武), author of The Corpse Walker, was informed that he would not be permitted to leave the country to attend the Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany, to which he was invited and for which Vice President Xi Jinping (习近平) had been invited to speak at the opening ceremony. Liao was again denied exit when he discussed the situation with authorities on September 28.33 |
|
September 23, 2009 |
Police in Hangzhou, Zhejiang informed the family of Liang Liwan (梁丽婉) that Liang, a petitioner of forced eviction and demolition in Hangzhou, had been taken into police custody. On September 22, four people forcefully entered Liang's temporary home in Beijing to coerce her into signing an agreement for the demolition of her home, which sits on land being requisitioned for the expansion of the Hangzhou East Railway Station; Liang was then detained by officials and police from Hangzhou. In December 2008, Liang relayed information concerning the impending demolition to Yves Cabannes, the convener of the United Nations Advisory Group on Forced Evictions; in August 2009, she brought Cabannes and other attendees of a conference at the Zhejiang University School of Public Management, to see the demolition site. Cabannes and the others were detained at the demolition site, but Liang managed to escape. Liang was released from custody on October 8.34 |
|
September 24 |
Hubei-based primary school teacher and democracy activist Yao Lifa (姚立法) went missing. Earlier in the day, Yao was escorted to leave home and he later telephoned his wife, saying that he was at a police station and would not be returning home for lunch. His family was thereafter unable to reach him. Earlier in September, Yao had twice been questioned by officers from the public security brigade. Beginning September 14, the school assigned teachers to take turns in escorting him to and from his home and the school. Yao was held for two weeks in the suburbs of Qianjiang, Hubei, and released on October 8.35 |
|
September 24, 2009 |
Hangzhou-based farmer-activist Yang Yunbiao (杨云彪) was detained in Beijing whilst petitioning for land rights and transferred back to Hangzhou. On October 11, his family got the criminal detention notice that he had been criminally detained on charges of “destroying production operations.” On November 4, his wife was notified that he was formally arrested on the same charge on October 29. On July 27, 2007, When Yang Yunbiao’s house was forcibly demolished, he climbed to the house’s roof holding a gas bottle to attempt to protest the demolitions. As a result, he was sentenced to two years for “obstruction official business” (actually served a year and a half) and on January 20, 2009, Yang Yunbiao was just released from prison.36 |
|
September 25, 2009 |
66 -years-old Hebei petitioner Liu Fengqin (刘凤芹/刘凤琴) died mysteriously in Hebei No. 1 Reeducation-Through-Labor Center, where she had been ordered to serve one year. Liu’s family was notified that Liu was died for “heart attack “ but not allowed to see Liu’s body. Liu, starting from 2007, petitioned by kneeling down in front of Beijing Tiananmen Square in Beijing for 35 times concerning the rampant tree-felling by village officials. Every time when she went to Beijing, she was retrieved and returned home until July 31, 2009 she was ordered to RTL on charges of “petition causing disrupting order in public places.” Because she is over 60 years of age, Liu was initially ordered to serve her RTL outside of the RTL facility. However, when after she returned to Beijing for further petitioning after the RTL decision, she was put into the Hebei No. 1 RTL Center on August 15, 2009. She died there 11 days afterwards. Liu’s husband, 69-years-old Liu Shuoxiang (刘硕祥), was similarly ordered to one year of RTL on the same charges beginning September 23, 2009.37 |
|
September 29, 2009 |
The family of imprisoned democracy activist Wang Rongqing (王荣清) was again denied to pay the monthly visit to Wang even during Mid-Autumn Festival. Wang was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment on charges of “inciting subversion of state power” in January 2009; He was only allowed to meet his family members once since he was detained. According to his family, Wang’s already-poor health has deteriorated since entering prison.38 |
|
October 1, 2009 |
Uyghur journalist Hailaite Niyazi was detained after being taken from his home in Urumqi in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. His family received notification on October 4th that he had been detained on suspicion of endangering state security. Niyazi was the webmaster of Uighurbiz, a website run by Ilham Tohti, who was previously detained without explanation for almost two months this past summer. Niyazi has also worked for the state-run newspapers Xinjiang Legal News and the Xinjiang Economic Daily.39 |
|
October 3, 2009 |
Sichuanese blogger Ran Yunfei (冉云飞) was detained by police at Chengdu’s Shuangliu Airport. Ran was en route to Hong Kong to attend an academic conference. He was released later that afternoon. A Charter 08 signatory and author of articles criticizing the Chinese government, Ran had previously tried to depart on September 30th, but was obstructed by authorities then as well.40 |
|
October 3, 2009 |
The family of Li Shulian (李淑莲), a petitioner from Longkou, Shandong Province, was told that she had “hanged herself” by the Longkou Municipal Bureau of Letters and Calls, her local petitioning office. Li's family, after seeing her body the same day and finding it covered in bruises, disputed the cause of death, claiming instead that she was beaten. After voicing their concerns, Li’s husband and son were escorted to a hotel where they were guarded and watched over by more than 20 people. Since 2002, Li repeatedly petitioned in Beijing for enforcement of a local court ruling in a landlord-tenant dispute, during which time she was retrieved back to Longkou on eight separate occasions and detained for nearly 90 days in total. On one trip to Beijing this June, Li was forced naked from her bed for retrieval back to Longkou. During her most recent trip, Li lost contact with her family on September 3, after she went to the Demao Substation of the Beijing Daxin District Public Security Bureau to apply for a temporary residence permit. On September 4, Li’s family was told that the Longkou local officials had retrieved her from the Demao Substation, but they are unable to account for Li’s further whereabouts from that time through to the notification of her death.41 |
|
October 11, 2009 |
Liu Shihui (刘士辉), a rights defense lawyer from Guangzhou, was detained by the Guangzhou police while hiking with friends. Liu was detained for wearing a t-shirt bearing the political slogans “A one-party dictatorship is a disaster” and “The Chinese Communist Party opposes the Kuomintang’s one-party dictatorship, but the Chinese Communist Party will not establish a one-party dictatorship.” Liu said he was interrogated for four hours before being released late that night. Previously, on May 12th, Liu was detained for three hours for the same reason. In addition, Liu, who legally represented imprisoned activist Guo Feixiong (郭飞雄), also known as Yang Maodong (杨茂东), was notified on August 15 that his law firm was being forced to fire him and that he would lose his lawyer’s license. He received an official administrative punishment notice ordering him to stop practicing law for six months starting September 25.42 |
|
October 12, 2009 |
Four Chinese writers and activists, Hu Jia [胡佳], Shi Tao [师涛], Woeser, and Nurmuhemmet Yasin, were among the 37 awarded Human Rights Watch's 2009 Hellman/Hammett grant. Of the four, only Woeser is not currently imprisoned.43 |
|
October 15, 2009 |
Independent Chinese PEN member and Charter 08 signatory Li Jianhong (李剑虹), who writes on freedom of expression issues under the pen name Xiao Qiao (小乔), was refused entry to mainland China at the Shenzhen-Hong Kong border. Li, who carries a valid Chinese passport and is living in Sweden as a guest writer with the International Cities of Refuge Network, was attempting to go back to Shanghai to visit her family. She was again denied entry on October 17th when two CDs she had with her were confiscated. According to Li, police told her parents in July 2009 that she would “probably not be allowed back to the motherland for [her] alleged persistent anti-communist and anti-socialist stance.”44 |
|
October 16, 2009 |
Guo Quan (郭泉), a former professor at Nanjing Normal University, was sentenced to ten years in prison on charges of subversion of state power. The verdict comes over two months after his trial on August 7th and four months after the filing of his case in court by the Procuratorate on June 8th, exceeding the time requirements to conclude a case under China’s Criminal Procedure Law.45 Guo, who was detained on November 13, 2008, by the Nanjing police, was formally a member of the state-approved China Democratic League and is the founder of the New Democracy Party of China. He was expelled from the league and fired by the university in late 2007 because of his writings and political activities.46 |
|
October 21, 2009 |
Over 300 villagers in Luquan, Hebei Province, blocked a public highway for six hours in protest of the forced sale of land and destruction of homes by village authorities. Moreover, commercial developers reportedly injured up to 20 villagers through use of violence. The villagers accuse the local authorities of collaborating with commercial developers to sell their lands at unreasonably low prices.47 |
|
October 23, 2009 |
Shanghainese petitioner and Charter 08 signatory Duan Chunfang (段春芳) was sentenced to 18 months in prison by the Pujiang Township People’s Court in Minhang District, Shanghai, on charges of “obstructing official business.” Duan had been a frequent petitioner for compensation for her demolished home and for justice for the death of her brother, a fellow petitioner who died while serving an RTL sentence. Earlier this year, Duan and her husband were surrounded and beaten by policemen on June 23rd. She was also detained on July 3rd on accusations that she had assaulted policemen while being forcibly taken away from the township office to a nearby substation. She was later formally arrested on suspicion of “obstructing official business.”48 |
|
October 27, 2009 |
Liu Jiayi (Lau Ka-yee) (刘家仪), a Hong Kong Chinese citizen and member of the Hong Kong-based support group Tiananmen Mothers Campaign, was refused entry to mainland China at the Beijing International Airport by border police. Lau was told that she was violating national security regulations and that she was engaging in actions which would harm state security. Her home return permit, the document required for residents of Hong Kong and Macao to enter and reside in mainland China, was confiscated, and she was put on a flight back to Hong Kong.49 |
|
October 29, 2009 |
Shanghainese housing rights petitioner and Charter 08 signatory Shen Peilan (沈佩兰) was detained by officers from the Maqiao Township Public Security Bureau in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Shen had been beaten two days prior by officers from the same bureau on October 27th when she went to visit rights defense lawyer Zheng Enchong (郑恩宠). Shen had also participated in a rally on Shanghai’s Nanjing Road pedestrian mall, protesting the conviction of another Shanghainese petitioner, Duan Chunfang. Shen has been a regular petitioner since 2003, when her snail farm was destroyed and her fellow villagers’ land at Maqiao was forcibly taken away by local authorities in collaboration with Gao Fengchi (高凤池) of the Shanghai Qi Zhong Forest Sports City Ltd. Company. As a result, 13,000 mu of basic farmland was annexed and occupied by the company and more than 3,000 households were demolished. Shen has been subjected to frequent harassment, detention, summons, beatings, and house arrests by the local authorities.50 |
|
October 31, 2009 |
Yuan Hong (原红), a rights activist from Jiyuan, Henan Province, was taken to a local police station and beaten by police. Yuan was forced into a police car from the construction site where he assisted villagers in Beihai District whose land was being confiscated by the government. Yuan began to advocate for local villagers after he was laid-off from a local company. As a result, he was beaten by local authorities on multiple occasions and four of his video cameras were confiscated. Most recently he assisted victims of lead contamination in their attempt to obtain compensation.51 |
|
November 3, 2009 |
Beijing-based constitutional scholar, house church pastor, and rights activist Dr. Fan Yafeng (范亚峰) was dismissed from his position as associate research fellow at the Institute of Legal Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), China’s top think tank. According to Fan, he was dismissed because his various activities, including involvement in rights defense and church activities, as well as calls for political reform, were not consistent with the views of CASS.52 |
|
November 4, 2009 |
The trial against the man who raped Anhui petitioner Li Ruirui (李蕊蕊) was heard in the Fengtai District People’s Court in Beijing. Li, a 21-year-old student who was petitioning against expulsion from her university, was detained while petitioning in Beijing on August 4, 2009, and held at Juyuan Hotel, a “black jail.” That night, she was raped by a guard, Xu Jian (徐建). Xu escaped back to his hometown afterwards, but later confessed to the rape and turned himself in on August 11th. Li is seeking compensation from both Xu, the Juyuan Hotel, and the government. A judgment is expected within one month of the trial.53 |
|
November 5, 2009 |
Wang Gang (王刚), a father of a child sickened by tainted milk power, was searched, detained, and had his hands tightly handcuffed by officers from the Yangfangdian substation in Haidian District, Beijing. Wang, whose suit against the Sanlu Group for compensation was set to go to trial on November 10th, was told by the officers that the trial had been cancelled. He was not given a new date for the trial.54 |
|
November 6, 2009 |
70-year-old Zhejiang-based petitioner Lin Dagang (林大刚) was sentenced in a closed trial to two years’ imprisonment on charges of “illegally possessing state secrets.” The “secret” was a government notice from the former Ministry of Construction (now the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development), publicly available online. Lin is a frequent petitioner and a core member of a nationwide group seeking the return of ancestral homes of which the government took possession in 1956.55 |
|
November 9, 2009 |
Shenzhen-based petitioner Yuan Peiwei (袁佩纬) was detained by police at Beijing’s Ritan Park while on her way to participate in a human rights forum initiated by several Beijing rights defense activists, including Qi Zhiyong (齐志勇) and Li Jinping (李金平). The forum was effectively broken up by police, who prevented Qi and other organizers from travelling to the venue. Yuan was taken to the Chaowai Dajie Substation and then transferred to officers from Guangdong stationed in Beijing.56 |
|
November 11, 2009 |
Liu Zhengyou (刘正有), a rights activist based in Zigong, Sichuan Province, was summoned and taken from his home by police on suspicion of fraud. The police searched his home, copied files on his computer, and confiscating his hukou book. His wife received a formal notice of his detention the following day at the nearby police station. Liu had helped petitioners to publicize the injustices they had endured by organizing advocacy campaigns and putting their stories online.57 |
|
November 13, 2009 |
Zhao Lianhai (赵连海), the father of a victim of the melamine-tainted milk powder and a core organizer of affected families nationwide, was detained by officers from Beijing’s Daxing District Public Security Bureau and Tuanhe Substation. The officers produced a summons for Zhao, but when he saw that it had no stated grounds for summons, he refused to comply. The officers then wrote in “provoking an incident” as grounds in the summons and handcuffed Zhao before taking him away. Other officers stayed behind and confiscated several items from his home, including two computers, a USB drive, and an address book.58 |
Endnotes
1. He Pingcai [何平采], “Zhongguo zuojia Liu Shui bei dangju yi ‘weihai guojia anquan’ wei you xianzhi chujing” [中国作家刘水被当局以“危害国家安全”为由限制出境], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 08, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/liu-09082009163607.html. ^
2. Human Rights in China, “Xie Changfa Receives Severe Sentence of 13 Years’ Imprisonment for Organizing Political Party,” September 1, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/171935 . ^
3. Gillian Wong, “China Detains 15 Parents for Lead Poison Unrest,” The Associated Press, September 2, 2009, http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=8469241. ^
4. Qiao Long [乔龙], “Shi-yi qian bei ju fangmin Guo Qing hou cai fang, liang wei fangmin Tian’anmen sa chuandan bei zhua” [十一前被拘访民国庆后才放 两位访民天安门撒传单被抓], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 4, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/fang-09042009140446.html. ^
5. “China Tainted Milk Parents Warned against Meeting,” The Associated Press, September 10, 2009, http://www.fresnobee.com/world/story/1632761.html ; Li Ruoqing [李若清]，“Beijing jingfang turan pizhun jieshi baobao jinian huodong” [北京警方突然批准结实宝宝纪念活动], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 10, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/food_safety_milk-09102009113132.html. ^
6. Yan Xiu [严修], “Beijing yankong fangmin, bi Ao-yun geng shen” [北京严控访民 比奥运更甚], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 15, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/fangmin-09152009133721.html; Peter Ford, “China's citizen petitioners find cold reception in Beijing,” The Christian Science Monitor, http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0915/p06s10-woap.html ^
7. Peter Ford, “China’s Citizen Petitioners Find Cold Reception in Beijing,” The Christian Science Monitor, September 15, 2009, http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0915/p06s10-woap.html; Yu Tong’an [余同安], “Wei haizi shangfang tao shuofa que zaodao feifa jujin”[为孩子上fang讨说法却遭到非法拘禁], Yi zhen yimiao huile haizi yi sheng de xingfu [一针疫苗毁了孩子一生的幸福], September 22, 2009, http://nihao20080707.blog.163.com/blog/static/883367622009822101914537. ^
8. Chinese Human Rights Defenders [维权网], "Sun Wenguang jiaoshou shou dao 'fangxue' konghe" [孙文广教授收到“放血”恐吓], September 22, 2009, http://crd-net.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090922194535_17408.html; "Xuezhe yu ting qingdian bei he 'fangxue'" [學者籲停慶典被嚇「放血」], Apple Daily [蘋果日報], September 28, 2009, http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20090928&sec_id=15335&subsec_id=15336&art_id=13255334. ^
9. Ji Lisi [姬励思], “Beijing duo ming yijian renshi bei ruanjin huo yaoqiu likai Beijing” [北京多名异见人士被软禁或要求离开北京], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09172009121939.html. ^
10. Qiao Long [乔龙], "Xueyun renshi Chen Tianshi bei po li Jing, Yao Lifa xialuo buming" [学运人士陈天石被迫离京 姚立法下落不明], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 28, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/guoqing-09282009093134.html. ^
11. Ji Lisi [姬励思], “Beijing duo ming yijian renshi bei ruanjin huo yaoqiu likai Beijing” [北京多名异见人士被软禁或要求离开北京], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09172009121939.html. ^
12. Ji Lisi [姬励思], “Beijing duo ming yijian renshi bei ruanjin huo yaoqiu likai Beijing” [北京多名异见人士被软禁或要求离开北京], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09172009121939.html. ^
13. Ji Lisi [姬励思], “Beijing duo ming yijian renshi bei ruanjin huo yaoqiu likai Beijing” [北京多名异见人士被软禁或要求离开北京], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09172009121939.html. ^
14. Ji Lisi [姬励思], "Yao Lifa cong shangzhou si qi yu jiaren shiqu lianxi" [姚立法从上周四起与家人失去联系], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 28, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09282009114820.html. ^
15. Hai Lan [海蓝], “Guoqing linjin Beijing weiquan lvshi shoudao yanmi jiankong” [国庆临近北京维权律师受到严密监控], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_lawyer_beijing-09222009105317.html. ^
16. Qiao Long [乔龙], “Zhejiang gongan li daya, duowei minzhu dang ren bei ruanjin” [浙江公安全力打压 多位民主党人被软禁], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 16, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/daya-09162009130352.html. ^
17. Ji Lisi [姬励思], “Beijing duo ming yijian renshi bei ruanjin huo yaoqiu likai Beijing” [北京多名异见人士被软禁或要求离开北京], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09172009121939.html. ^
18. Ji Lisi [姬励思], "Yao Lifa cong shangzhou si qi yu jiaren shiqu lianxi" [姚立法从上周四起与家人失去联系], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 28, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09282009114820.html. ^
19. Li Bao [黎堡], “Si Zhong-quan-hui he Guo Qing qijian yijian renshi zao jiankong” [四中全会和国庆期间异见人士遭监控], Voice of American [美国之音], September 16, 2009, http://www.voanews.com/chinese/2009-09-16-voa28.cfm.< ^
20. Qiao Long [乔龙], “Zhejiang gongan li daya, duowei minzhu dang ren bei ruanjin” [浙江公安全力打压 多位民主党人被软禁], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 16, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/daya-09162009130352.html. ^
21. Hai Lan [海蓝], "Guoqing linjin Beijing weiquan lüshi shoudao yanmi jiankong" [国庆临近北京维权律师受到严密监控], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_lawyer_beijing-09222009105317.html. ^
22. Hai Lan [海蓝], "Guoqing linjin Beijing weiquan lüshi shoudao yanmi jiankong" [国庆临近北京维权律师受到严密监控], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_lawyer_beijing-09222009105317.html. ^
23. Hai Lan [海蓝], "Guoqing linjin Beijing weiquan lüshi shoudao yanmi jiankong" [国庆临近北京维权律师受到严密监控], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_lawyer_beijing-09222009105317.html. ^
24. Hai Lan [海蓝], "Guoqing linjin Beijing weiquan lüshi shoudao yanmi jiankong" [国庆临近北京维权律师受到严密监控], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_lawyer_beijing-09222009105317.html. ^
25. “Yi bei gong'an da zhi nao chu xue, Ai Weiwei jin Deguo zuo shoushu” [疑被公安打至腦出血 艾未未今德國做手術], Ming Bao [明报], September 15, 2009. ^
26. Feng Riyao [冯日遥], “Jingzhou weiquan renshi Wang Yihua wangshang piping zhengfu bei juliu” [荆州维权人士王义华网上批评政府被拘留], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_internet-09172009120402.html. ^
27. Hai Lan [海蓝], "Guoqing linjin Beijing weiquan lüshi shoudao yanmi jiankong" [国庆临近北京维权律师受到严密监控], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_lawyer_beijing-09222009105317.html. ^
28. China Aid, “Beijing Public Security Officers Seize House Church Pastor Hua Huiqi,” September 17, 2009, http://www.chinaaid.org/qry/page.taf?id=105&_function=detail&sbtblct_uid1=1289&_nc=7464f36668ec72b5fa9d3acc3437dc3d; China Aid, “Beijing Officials Raid House Church Vocational-Training School,” Spetember 15, 2009, http://www.chinaaid.org/qry/page.taf?id=105&_function=detail&sbtblct_uid1=1287&_nc=7464f36668ec72b5fa9d3acc3437dc3d; Xin Yu [心语], “Guo Qing qian jiating jiaohui zao daya, Hua Huiqi ji Wang Dao bei jinggao” [国庆前家庭教会遭打压 华惠棋及王岛被警告], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/religion-09172009091250.html; Feng Riyao [冯日遥], "Dangju jujue zhunxu Hua Huiqi Zhongqiu huijia tuanju" [当局拒绝准许华惠棋中秋回家团聚], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 24, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/religion_christian-09242009121338.html; China Aid, “Relieving or Regrouping? Chinese Authorities Release Pastor Hua Huiqi with Warning,” October, 12, 2009, http://www.chinaaid.org/qry/page.taf?id=105&_function=detail&sbtblct_uid1=1307&_nc=7464f36668ec72b5fa9d3acc3437dc3d
. ^
29. Ji Lisi [姬励思], "Li Hai shiqu lianluo / Hua Huiqi qizi huyu guanzhu / Liu Feiyue qianze jingcha lan quan" [李海失去联络／华惠棋妻子呼吁关注／刘飞跃谴责警察滥权], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 21, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09212009114052.html; Human Rights in China, “June 4th Activist Li Hai to Be Released from Prison,” May 28, 2004, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/9567. ^
30. Ji Lisi [姬励思], "Guo Yongfeng zai konggao gong'an feifa juliu an kaiting qian shizong" [郭永丰在控告公安非法居留案开庭前失踪], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 22, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_detain-09222009103802.html. ^
31. “Guangdong weiquan fangmin Chen Fengqiang bei zhengshi daibu” [广东维权访民陈风强被正式逮捕], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 24, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_arrested-09242009120609.html. ^
32. Hai Lan [海蓝], "Liu Xiaobo an er du yanchang zhencha qi" [刘晓波案二度延长侦查期], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 23, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_liuxiaobo-09232009113214.html.; “Dangju zaici yanchang Liu Xiaobo an de zhencha qi” [当局再次延长刘晓波案的侦查期], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], August 24, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_liuxiaobo-08242009124653.html. ^
33. "Chinese Author Banned from Traveling to Germany," Der Spiegel, September 24, 2009, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,650975,00.html; Ji Lisi [姬励思], "Yao Lifa cong shangzhou si qi yu jiaren shiqu lianxi" [姚立法从上周四起与家人失去联系], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 28, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09282009114820.html; “Chinese Vice President Calls for Enhancing Cultural Exchanges at Frankfurt Book Fair,” Xinhua News Agency, October 14, 2009, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-10/14/content_12226721.htm. ^
34. Human Rights in China, “Activist Detained after Telling UN Expert of Impending Eviction,” October 7, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/171995; Human Rights in China, “Case Update: Liang Liwan Released from Police Custody,” October 8, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172009. ^
35. Ji Lisi [姬励思], "Yao Lifa cong shangzhou si qi yu jiaren shiqu lianxi" [姚立法从上周四起与家人失去联系], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], September 28, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/dissident_assault-09282009114820.html; Qiao Long [乔龙], “Hubei weiquan renshi Yao Lifa bei feifa jujin banyue”, [湖北维权人士姚立法被非法拘禁半月], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 8, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/ylf-10082009092252.html. ^
36. Yan Xiu [严修], “Hangzhou weiquan nongmin Yang Yunbiao mianlin zhengshi daibu” [杭州维权农民杨云彪面临正式逮捕], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 12, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/yyb-10122009140030.html; Civil Rights & Livelihood Watch [民生观察], “Hangzhou nongmin Yang Yunbiao jin jing shangfang zao xingshi juliu” [杭州农民杨云彪进京上访遭刑事拘留], October 12, 2009, http://www.msguancha.com/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=2504; Civil Rights & Livelihood Watch [民生观察], “Hangzhou weiquan nongmin Yang Yunbiao bei zhengshi daibu” [杭州维权农民杨云彪被正式逮捕], November 4, 2009, http://www.msguancha.com/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=2594. ^
37. Tang Qiwei [唐琪薇], “Hebei 66 sui nü fangming lao-jiao suo cusi” [河北66岁女访民劳教所猝死], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 5, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/fangmin-10052009161538.html; Chinese Human Rights Defenders [维权网], “Hebei Tangshan jubao fubai de fangmin Liu Fengqin zai lao-jiao suo zhong bei pohai zhisi” [河北唐山举报腐败的访民刘凤芹在劳教所中被迫害致死], October 6, 2009, Chinese Human Rights Defenders [维权网], http://crd-net.org/Article/Class18/liufengqin/200910/20091006090939_17594.html . Fen Riyao [冯日遥], “Tangshan 66 sui nü fangming Liu Fengqin zai lao-jiao suo siwang” [唐山66岁女访民刘凤琴在劳教所死亡], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台],October 5, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/petitioner_labor_camp-10052009115942.html?encoding=simplified; Liu Yuhong (刘玉红), “wuchu shenshu de qishushu” [无处申诉的起诉书], http://gcontent.nddaily.com/6/cc/6cc17b31acdbbccd/Blog/a34/e506a0.html. ^
38. Qiao Long [乔龙], “Minzhudang renshi Wang Rongqing yu zhong mingzai-danxi, jiashu zhong-qiu tanwang zao ju” [民主党人士王荣清狱中命在旦夕 家属中秋探望遭拒], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 6, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/wrq-10062009092927.html. ^
39. “Ethnic Uighur Journalist Detained in China,” Associated Press, October 30, 2009, available at http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2010166092_apaschinauighurunrest.html ; “Zhongguo dangju daibu Xinjiang weiwu’er zu zhuming meiti ren Hailaite” [中国当局逮捕新疆维吾尔族著名媒体人海来特 ], Radio France Internationale [法国国际广播电台], October 30, 2009, http://www.rfi.fr/actucn/articles/118/article_17116.asp. ^
40. Ran Yunfei [冉云飞], “Jintian you keneng dao Shenzhen” [今天有可能到深圳], October 3, 2009, Ran Yunfei’s blog, https://ranyunfei.com/date/2009/10/03; Zhong Chenfang [钟辰芳], “Sichuan boke zuojia Ran Yunfei zai Chengdu jichang bei bu xialuo-buming” [四川博客作家冉云飞在成都机场被捕下落不明], Voice of America [美国之音], October 3, 2009, http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/a-21-2009-10-03-voa31-63544917.html. ^
41. Tang Qiwei [唐琪薇], “Shandong fangmin Li Shulian ‘bei shangdiao’ siwang” [山东访民李淑莲“被上吊”死亡], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 4, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/li-10042009153421.html; Wang Keqin [王克勤] and Feng Jun[ 冯军], “Shandong shangfang nü Li Shulian siwang zhimi” [山东上访女李淑莲死亡之谜], Wang Lihong’s blog, http://blog.yam.com/wlh832/article/24913362. ^
42. “Rights Lawyer Held for Four Hours over T-shirt,” South China Morning Post, October 11, 2009, available at http://www.eastasiareview.com/?p=203; Zhang Min [张敏], “Guo Feixiong de lüshi Liu Shihui bei sifa ju boduo zhiye zige” [郭飞雄的律师刘士辉被司法局剥夺执业资格], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], August 17, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/liushihui-08172009161851.html; Liu Shihui [刘士辉], “'Yidang du cai, biandi shi zai' zhi zai” [“一党独裁，遍地是灾”之灾], May, 18, 2009, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2009/05/200905182143.shtml; Liu Shihui [刘士辉], “Qianglie kangyi Guangzhou shi sifaju boduo wo de lüshi zhiye zige” [强烈抗议广州市司法局剥夺我的律师执业资格], October 4, 2009, http://crd-net.org/Article/Class53/200910/20091004225558_17562.html. ^
43. “37 Writers Get Hellman/Hammett Grants,” United Press International, October 12, 2009, http://www.timesoftheinternet.com/118329.html; Gao Shan [高山], “Hu Jia deng 4 ren ronghuo 2009 niandu Meiguo ‘Renquan Guancha’ ‘Hai’erman Renquan Jiang’” [胡佳等4人荣获2009年度美国《人权观察》“海尔曼人权奖”], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 12, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/renquan-10122009162544.html. ^
44. Independent Chinese PEN Center [独立中文笔会关于会], “Guanyu huiyuan Li Jianhong rujing bei kouliu de shengming” [关于会员李剑虹入境被扣留的声明], October 15, 2009, http://www.chinesepen.org/Article/bhdt/200910/Article_20091015184433.shtml; “China Bars Returning Activists,” Radio Free Asia, November 4, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/banned-11042009150704.html; Choi Chi-yuk, “Two Activist Writers Turned Away at Border,” South China Morning Post, October 23, 2009. ^
45. Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China [中华人民共和国刑法], issued by the National People’s Congress [全国人民代表大会], promulgated on July 1, 1979, revised in 1997, and amended 1999, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, Art. 168. ^
46. Human Rights in China, “Democracy Activist Gets Ten Years for ‘Subversion of State Power,’” October 16, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172027. ^
47. “Hebei cunmin kangyi biqian du guodao” [河北村民抗議逼遷堵國道], Ming Pao [明報], October 23, 2009, http://news.sina.com.hk/cgi-bin/nw/show.cgi/94/1/1/1303929/1.html.; “Hebei Shijiazhuang 300 cunmin fengdu 307 guodao” [河北石家庄300村民封堵307国道], News.163.com, October 22, 2009, http://news.163.com/09/1022/08/5M7DAC970001124J.html. ^
48. Human Rights in China, “Petitioner Gets One Year and Six Months for ‘Obstructing Official Business,’” October 23, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172212. ^
49. “‘Tiananmen Muqin’ chengyuan, bei zhi weihai guojia anquan, you yi Gangren Huixiangzheng zao moshou” [「天安门母亲」成员 被指危害国家安全 又一港人回乡证遭没收 ], Apple Daily [苹果日报], October 27, 2009, http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20091027&sec_id=4104&art_id=13355178; Yan Xiu [严修], “Beijing you ju Gangren rujing, bei zhi weifan Lianheguo gongyue” [北京又拒港人入境 被指违反联合国公约], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], October 27, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/bei-10272009171711.html. ^
50. Human Rights in China, “Rights Activist Beaten and Detained Following Protest,” October 29, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172281 ^
51. Pan Jiaqing [潘加晴], “Jiyuan weiquan renshi Yuan Hong zaodao jingcha ouda” [济源维权人士原红遭到警察殴打], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], November 3, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/rights_assault-11032009113454.html. ^
52.Zhong Chenfang [钟辰芳], “Beijing shouwang jiating jiaohui bei po zai xue zhong jinxing zhuri chongbai” [北京守望家庭教会被迫在雪中进行主日崇拜], Voice of America [美国之音], November 3, 2009, http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/human-rights/BEIJING-HOUSE-CHURCH-FORCED-WORSHIP-OUTDOORS-IN-THE-SNOW-20091103-68841587.html; “China Blocks Unregistered Church Service Again,” The Associated Press, November 15, 2009. ^
53.“Activist: Chinese Guard at Black Jail Admits Rape,” Associated Press, November 5, 2009, available at http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/activist-chinese-guard-at-186639.html; “Bei jian shangfang nü di Jing, jin fu tingshen” [被姦上訪女抵京 今赴庭審], Ming Pao [明报], November 4, 2009, http://news.sina.com.hk/cgi-bin/nw/show.cgi/94/1/1/1316045/1.html; “Petitioner's Rape Claims ‘Ignored,’” Radio Free Asia, August 10, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/rape-ignored-08102009115721.html; “Anhui nühai jin Jing shangfang bei dai zhi binguan zao kanshou dangzhong qiangjian” [安徽女孩进京上访被带至宾馆遭看守当众强奸], Southern Weekend [南方周末], August 28, 2009, http://www.cnfzcm.com/html/35/n-96135.html; Cui Jia, “Rape Suspect Turns Himself In,” China Daily, August 13, 2009, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-08/13/content_8565277.htm. ^
54. Zhao Lianhai [赵连海], “Yinggai xiazhou 2 tingshen de jieshi baobao jiazhang bei juya bing canku duidai” [应该下周2庭审的结石宝宝家长被拘押并残酷对待], Rights Email Group [权利邮件组] November 7, 2009, http://chinarights2.blogspot.com/2009/11/2793-2.html; Zhong Chenfang [钟辰芳], “Zhongguo du naifen shouhaizhe weiquan daibiao Zhao Lianhai bei gong'an juliu” [中国毒奶粉受害者维权代表赵连海被公安拘留], Voice of America [美国之音], November 14, 2009, http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/china/LEADECHINA-20091114-70099362.html. ^
55. Human Rights in China, “Two-Year Sentence for Property Rights Advocate, 70, Accused of Possessing State Secrets,” November 6, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172304. ^
56. Gao Shan [高山], “Fangmin Yuan Peiwei zai Beijing Ritan Gongyuan bei jingfang juliu” [访民袁佩维在北京日坛公园被警方拘留], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], November 9, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/fangmin-11092009160545.html. ^
57. Fang Yuan [方媛], “Sichuan nongmin Liu Zhengyou yin weiquan bei jingcha daizou” [四川农民刘正有因维权被警察带走], Radio Free Asia [自由亚洲电台], November 11, 2009, http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/liu-11112009093552.html; Chinese Human Rights Defenders [维权网], “Liu Zhengyou bei yi zhapian zui zhengshi juliu” [刘正有被以诈骗罪正式拘留], Chinese Human Rights Defenders [维权网], November 13, 2009, http://www.crd-net.org/Article/Class53/200911/20091113190017_18279.html. ^
58. Human Rights in China, “Organizer of Families of Tainted Milk Powder Victims Detained,” November 13, 2009, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172422. ^
