(紐約,2022年1月27日)來自世界各地的243個非政府組織今天表示,2022北京冬奧會的開幕背景,將會是中國政府犯下的暴虐罪行和其他嚴重侵犯人權行為。這些團體籲請各國政府通過外交手段抵制定於2022年2月4日開幕的冬奧會,並敦促運動員和贊助商不要合法化政府侵犯人權的行為。
人權觀察中國部主任索菲・理查森(Sophie Richardson)表示:「在主辦國政府犯下了多項違反國際法的嚴重罪行之際,冬奧怎有能像國際奧林匹克委會所稱的那樣,成為一股『善的力量』。」
在習近平主席的領導下,中國當局對維吾爾族、藏族、少數民族和各獨立宗教團體的信教群眾實施了大規模的迫害。對人權活動者、女權主義者、律師、記者和其他人士的壓迫,則導致獨立的公民社會蕩然無存。中國政府違反國際法,瓦解了香港曾經充滿活力的公民社會,擴大科技監控範圍,大幅剝奪言論、結社與和平集會的權利,並容許使用強迫勞動。
中國當局還還策劃複雜的跨國鎮壓行動,持續威脅海外僑民社區的成員、公眾人物和中國境外的公司。
「在北京舉辦冬奧會向世界發送了一個訊息,即習近平政府是正常的,」中國人權捍衛者網絡(Chinese Human Rights Defenders)執行長任磊(Renee Xia)說。「當世界合理化這樣的人權侵害現況,受害者要站出來抗議不公就更難了。」
自2015年中國政府取得2022年冬奧會舉辦權以來,非政府組織和媒體機構記錄了大量中國當局嚴重侵犯人權的行為,包括:
- 在新疆(維吾爾地區)將數百萬維吾爾族和其他突厥裔族群體任意拘禁、施加酷刑和強迫勞動;
- 嚴重破壞香港的獨立媒體、民主機構和法治;
- 使用高科技監控系統,使當局能夠追蹤和不公平起訴和平行為,包括在微信和其他應用程序轉傳的批評言論;
- 起訴代表弱勢團體行使言論自由、和平集會和結社權利的人士,包括律師許志永和丁家喜、公民記者張展、西藏僧侶作家果・喜饒嘉措(Go Sherab Gyatso),及隸屬「長沙富能」集團的公共衛生活動人士;以及
- 任意拘禁、酷刑拷打、強迫失蹤人權捍衛者,包括高智晟和郭飛雄。
「奧運會的壯觀場面掩蓋不了種族滅絕,」維吾爾人權項目(Uyghur Human Rights Project)執行主任烏麥爾・卡納特(Omer Kanat)說。「很難理解竟有人覺得今年在北京表彰國際友誼和『奧林匹克價值觀』是可能的。」
國際奧林匹克委員會(國際奧委會)表示,2017年宣布的人權義務不適用於2022年冬奧會。呼籲抵制的團體指出,國際奧委會無視中國證據確鑿的侵犯人權行為,沒有遵守《聯合國工商企業業與人權指導原則》的規定,展開應有的人權盡職調查。
此外,國際奧委會顯然對宣稱過的人權承諾毫不在意。國際奧委會主席巴赫(Thomas Bach)參加了中國政府的一項宣傳活動,活動旨在洗白三屆奧運會選手彭帥提出的性侵指控。國際奧委會一直不願與終止維吾爾強迫勞動聯盟(End Uyghur Forced Labor)會面,並讓其成員穿著由一家據可靠來源指稱使用強迫勞動的公司所製作的制服。
「國際奧委會聲稱體育和政治不能混為一談,但利用2008年北京奧運會圖謀自己的政治利益的國家正是中國政府,」國際聲援西藏運動(International Campaign for Tibet)副主席布瓊・次仁(Bhuchung K. Tsering)表示。「居於西藏的西藏人冒著風險向世人揭露這件事,但國際奧委會恍若未聞。即將到來的北京冬奧會是一個獨特的機會,國際奧委會和各國政府可以藉此賦予他們的運動員發聲的權力,向中國當局施壓,要求其遵守國際規則。」
奧林匹克全球合作夥伴贊助商——Airbnb、阿里巴巴、安聯(Allianz)、阿託斯(Atos)、普利斯通(Bridgestone)、可口可樂(Coca-Cola)、英特爾(Intel)、歐米茄(Omega)、松下電器(Panasonic)、寶潔(P&G)、三星(Samsung)、豐田(Toyota)和Visa——也沒有履行他們的人權盡職調查責任。這些企業沒有對其贊助將造成或助長侵犯人權行為的公眾關切作出有意義的回應,也沒有說明是否已經採取行動以減輕侵犯人權的行為。呼籲抵制的團體表示,贊助商應立即公開其人權盡職調查策略,或解釋未能展開人權評估的原因。
面對中國政府侵犯人權的行為,澳洲、加拿大、日本、立陶宛、英國和美國等國政府皆已宣布外交抵制北京冬運會。他們不會派高級官員——這是奧運會的歷屆傳統——參加開幕式或閉幕式。各國政府無論是否參加外交抵制,都應該利用這個機會除了支持參加冬奧會的運動員,也須展現對中國各地的人權捍衛者的具體援助。
中國人權(Human Rights in China)執行主任譚競嫦(Sharon Hom)表示:「我們敦促各國政府向正在獄中或被拘禁的人權捍衛者發出支持的訊息,他們正為倡導改革、捍衛他人權利,或僅因討論如何增進中國公民社會付出巨大代價。」
呼籲抵制的團體表示,參加北京冬奧會的國家面臨一系列人權風險。國際奧委會明令禁止運動員在奧運領獎台上公開表達對中國人權問題的看法,而中國當局對批評人士的報復令世界各地的運動員產生寒蟬效應。中國政府以和平批評為由任意拘禁外國人,例如瑞典出版商桂民海,進一步限制了言論自由。奧運會運動員、教練和後勤人員也可能受到無處不在的國家監控,特別是透過數位通信。
「抱持奧林匹克理想的運動員不應該在無所不在的監視、言論或信仰自由的壓制,以及不安全的人權環境中參加冬奧會,」對華援助協會(ChinaAid)主席傅希秋說。
世界各地觀看冬奧會的觀眾可以發揮積極的作用:提升對中國人權環境的了解,採取各種行動,小至購買非強迫勞動製造的產品,大至促請本國政府對犯下極嚴重國際罪行的中國政府官員展開究責。民眾可以促請工商企業簽署終止維吾爾強迫勞動聯盟的行動呼籲。
「中國政府實施暴虐罪行且不受制裁,這項殘酷的現實應能迫使國際奧委會、贊助商和其他與冬奧會有關的機構質疑,本次奧運會是否將合法化嚴重暴行,並任其延續下去,」世界維吾爾代表大會(World Uyghur Congress)主席多里坤・艾沙(Dolkun Isa)說。「沒有人想看到同樣的奧運會再度上演。」
獲取更多資訊,請聯繫:
For Human Rights Watch, in Washington, DC, Sophie Richardson, (English, Mandarin): +1- 202-612-4341; or +1-917-721-7473 (mobile); or richars@hrw.org. Twitter: @SophieHRW For Human Rights Watch, in New York, Minky Worden (English, Cantonese, German): +212- 216-1250; or wordenm@hrw.org. Twitter: @MinkysHighjinks
For Chinese Human Rights Defenders, Renee Xia, (Mandarin, English): +1-863-866-1012; orreneexia@nchrd.org. @reneexiachrd
For Uyghur Human Rights Project, in Washington DC, Peter Irwin (English, German): +1-646- 906-7722; or pirwin@uhrp.org. Twitter: @PeterIrwin_
For International Campaign for Tibet, in Washington, DC, Ashwin Verghese (English): press@savetibet.org.
For Human Rights in China, in New York, Mi Ling Tsui (English, Mandarin, Cantonese): +1- 212-239-4495; or miling.tsui@hrichina.org. Twitter: @hrichina
For ChinaAid, in Washington, DC, Bob Fu (English, Mandarin): contact +1(432)553-1080; or Media@ChinaAid.org. Twitter: @BobFu4China
For World Uyghur Congress, in Munich, Zumretay Arkin (English, French, Uyghur): +49 176 6161 9262; or zumretay@uyghurcongress.org. @ZumretErkin
非政府組織簽署方:
- 6.12 Manchester Working Group
- ACAT Belgium
- Adas Israel Social Action Committee
- Alberta Uyghur Association
- All Citizenship Compact
- Alliance for Vietnam's Democracy
- ALTSEAN-Burma
- American Alliance for Automotive Corporate Social Responsibility
- Amigos del Tibet Chile
- Anti-China Expansion Movement
- Anti-Slavery International
- Army of Survivors
- ARTICLE 19
- Asociación Cultural Tibetano-Costerricense
- ASSEMBLY FOR DEMOCRACY IN VIETNAM
- Athenai Institute
- Athlete Activist
- Athlete Ally
- Australia Tibet Council
- Australian Centre for International Justice
- Australian East Turkestan Association
- Australian Uyghur Association
- Australian Uyghur Tangritagh Women's Association
- Austria Uyghur Association
- Bauhinias For Freedom
- Bay Area Friends of Tibet
- Be Slavery Free
- Belgium Uyghur Association
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- Bloc 8406 International
- Blue Crescent Humanitarian Aid Association
- Campaign For Uyghurs
- Captive Nations Coalition of the Committee on Present Danger: China
- China Against the Death Penalty
- China Human Rights Defenders
- ChinaAid
- Chinese Democracy And Human Rights Alliance
- Christian Coalition for Uyghur Freedom
- Church of Scientology National Affairs Office
- Citizen Power Initiatives for China
- CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation
- Comitato Lady Lawyer Village
- Comité de Apoyo al Tíbet CAT
- Congregation Beth Ora
- Consortium for Intersectional Justice
- Coordination des Associations et des Particuliers pour la Liberté de Conscience
- Corporate Accountability Lab
- CSW
- Czech Support Tibet
- Dawn of HongKong
- Den norske uyghur komiteen
- Dialogue China
- Dominican Sisters Grand Rapids
- Dutch Uyghur Human Rights Foundation
- East Turkestan Press and Media Association
- East Turkestan Union of Muslim Scholars
- East Turkistan Association in Finland
- East Turkistan Association of Canada
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- East Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association
- East Turkistan Entrepreneur Tradesmen and Industrialists Businessmen Association
- East Turkistan Human Rights Watch Association
- East Turkistan New Generation Movement
- East Turkistan Nuzugum Culture and Family Association
- East Turkistan Sports and Development Association
- East Turkistan Union in Europe
- Eastern Turkistan Foundation
- Emgage Action
- Equality League
- European East Turkistan Education Association
- Family Research Council
- FIDH - International Federation for Human Rights
- FIDU - Italian Federation for Human Rights
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- Finnish Uyghur Culture Center
- Football Supporters Europe
- Frankfurt Stand With Hong Kong
- Free Tibet
- Free Uyghur Now
- Freedom House
- Freedom Ummah
- Friends of Hong Kong Calgary
- Friends of Tibet Bulgaria
- Front Line Defenders
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- Germany Stands with Hong Kong
- Global Alliance for Tibet & Persecuted Minorities
- Global Athlete
- Global Peace Mission (GPM) Malaysia
- Grupo de Apoio ao Tibete-Portugal
- Havurat Shalom
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
- Hong Kong Committee in Norway
- Hong Kong Democracy Council
- Hong Kong Watch
- Hong Kongers in San Francisco Bay Area
- Hongkonger in Deutschland e.V.
- HOPE not hate
- Human Rights Foundation
- Human Rights in China
- Human Rights Research and Education Centre, University of Ottawa
- Human Rights Watch
- Human Rights Without Frontiers
- Human Trafficking Search
- Humanitarian China
- Ilham Tohti Initiative
- Indonesia Save Uyghur
- International Campaign for Tibet
- International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse In China (ETAC)
- International Pen Uyghur Center
- International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
- International Society for Human Rights
- International Support for Uyghurs
- International Tibet Network
- International Union of East Turkistan Organizations
- International Uyghur Human Right and Democracy Foundation
- Isa Yusup Alptekin Foundation
- Islamic Community Milli Gorus
- Islamic Information Services Foundation
- Japan Uyghur Association
- Jewish Community Relations Council/American Jewish Committee Detroit
- Jewish Movement for Uyghur Freedom
- Jewish World Watch
- Judicial Reform Foundation
- Justice For All
- Justice for Uyghurs
- Lady Lawyer Foundation
- Lantos Foundation for Human Rights & Justice
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- LICADHO
- Louise Xin Group
- LUNGTA - Actief voor Tibet
- Malaysia Consultative Council of Islamic Organization (MAPIM)
- Malaysia4Uyghur
- Malaysian Consultative Council of Islamic Organizations
- Minaret Foundation
- Minh Van Foundation
- Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies
- Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM)
- National Clergy Council
- Netherlands for Hong Kong
- Norwegian Uyghur Committee
- Omer Uygur Foundation
- Overseas Liaison Office Representative for The Interfaith Council in Vietnam
- Peace Catalyst International
- Perth Anti-CCP Association
- Power of Sport Lab / Athletes for Human Rights
- People for Successful Corean Reunification (PSCORE)
- Religious Freedom Institute
- René Cassin, the Jewish voice for human rights
- Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
- Santa Barbara Friends of Tibet
- Satuq Bugrakhan Foundation of Science and Civilization
- Silk Road Peace Project
- SoCal Students for Uyghur Justice
- Society for Threatened Peoples
- Society Union of Uyghur National Association
- Stand with HK@JPN
- Stand with Hong Kong Vienna
- STANDNOW
- Stefanus Alliance International
- [Redacted for Anonymity]
- Stop Uyghur Genocide UK
- Stop Uyghur Genocide Australia
- Stop Uyghur Genocide Canada
- Students for a Free Tibet – Denmark
- Students for Free Tibet – Japan
- Students For Liberty – Myanmar
- Sweden Uyghur Education Union
- Swedish Tibet Committee
- Swiss Tibetan Friendship Association
- Switzerland East Turkestan Association
- Sydney Uyghur Association
- Taiwan Association for China Human Rights
- Taiwan Association for Human Rights
- Taiwanese Human Rights Association of Canada
- Temple Shalom
- Thailand and Hong Kong Together
- The Army of Survivors
- The Community Human Rights Promotion and Protection Association (ACPDH)
- The Norwegian Tibet Committee
- THE TAIWAN UNITED NATIONS ALLIANCE (TAIUNA)
- The Tibet Support Committee, Denmark
- The Viet Democratic Side's International Forum
- Tibet Action Institute
- Tibet Initiative Deutschland e.V.
- Tibet Justice Center
- Tibet Mx
- Tibet Solidarity
- Tibet Support Group Ireland
- Tibetan Community in Britain
- Tibetan Parliament in Exile
- Tibetan Youth Association in Europe
- Transparency International Deutschland e.V.
- Tso Pema Non-Profit
- Uigur Society of the Kyrgyz Republic
- Uigurische Gemeinde Österreich
- Umer Uyghur Trust
- Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam
- United Council of Vietnamese Homeland and Overseas
- universitet Sulayman Demirel
- Uyghur Academy Australia
- Uyghur Academy Canada
- Uyghur Academy Europe
- Uyghur Academy Foundation
- Uyghur Academy Japan
- Uyghur Academy USA
- Uyghur American Association
- Uyghur Association of Victoria
- Uyghur Center for Human Rights and Democracy
- Uyghur Cultural and Education Union in Germany
- Uyghur Education Union
- Uyghur Human Rights Project
- Uyghur Projects Foundation
- Uyghur Refugee Relief Fund
- Uyghur Research Institute
- Uyghur Rights Advocacy Project
- Uyghur Science and Civilization Research Foundation
- Uyghur Support Group Netherlands
- Uyghur Transitional Justice Database
- Uyghur U.K. Association
- Uyghur Youth Union in Kazakhstan
- Uzbekistan Uyghur Culture Center
- Verein der Tibeter in Deutschland
- Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
- Victoria Uyghur Association
- Vietnamese Community of Pomona Valley
- Visual Artists Guild
- We The Hongkongers
- [Redacted For Anonymity]
- Women's Rights Without Frontiers
- World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)
- World Uyghur Congress Foundation
- (美国)民主中国阵线
- 加拿大价值守护者联盟
- 台灣聯合國協進會
- 民主中華傳媒
- 民主黨洛杉磯委員會
- 洛杉矶中国民主平台
- 自由中國
- 自由雕塑公園
- 華人基督徒公義團契