中國人權翻譯：中國政府對聯合國消除種族歧視委員會的後續回應

中文原文

中國人權英譯文

消除種族歧視委員會結論性意見中提到的問題，中方在向委員會提交的履約報告和主題清單答覆材料中以及與委員會進行互動對話時已作出一定說明。中國政府現根據結論性意見有關後續行動的建議（第61段），就結論性意見第33段(b)、第42段(a)-(d)、第42段(f)-(h)和第44段(c)相關問題進行回應：

The issues mentioned in the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination have been given certain explanations by China in the periodic reports on its implementation of the Convention and the list of themes to the Committee as well as in the interactive dialogue with the Committee. The Chinese government now responds, according to the Concluding Observations’ recommendation for follow-up (para. 61), and to the issues related to paragraphs 33 (b), 42 (a)-(d), 42 (f)-(h), and 44 (c) of the Concluding Observations:

一、關於在中國正式註冊就《消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》有關問題開展活動的非政府組織的數位

I. Concerning the number of non-governmental organizations officially registered in China carrying out activities on issues related to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

中國政府一貫重視社會組織在消除種族歧視、保護少數民族權利方面的作用。目前，在民政部門登記的與民族有關的社會組織有近1800個。這些組織在教育衛生、文化體育、經濟貿易、對外交流、理論研究等領域積極開展活動，為保障少數民族合法權益，促進各民族平等、團結、互助、和諧發展發揮了重要作用。

The Chinese government has always attached importance to the role of social organizations in eliminating racial discrimination and protecting the rights of ethnic minorities. At present, there are nearly 1,800 social organizations related to ethnic groups registered with civil affairs departments. These organizations have actively carried out activities in fields including education and health, culture and sports, economics and trade, foreign exchanges, and theoretical research. They have played an important role in safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of ethnic minorities and promoting equality, unity, mutual assistance, and the harmonious development among all ethnic groups.

二、關於中國新疆維吾爾自治區有關問題

II. Concerning issues relating to China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

在對話會期間，有關委員關注新疆職業技能教育培訓中心（以下簡稱“教培中心”）問題，中方願在回答涉及新疆維吾爾自治區其他有關問題前，就教培中心問題作出說明。

During the dialogue, the relevant Committee members showed concern over the issue of vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang (hereinafter referred to as “education and training centers”). The Chinese government wishes to explain the issue of the education and training centers before answering other relevant issues involving the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

恐怖主義、極端主義是人類社會的共同敵人，反恐、去極端化是國際社會的共同責任。新疆是中國反恐、去極端化鬥爭的主戰場。一段時期，新疆深受恐怖主義、宗教極端主義之害，人民生命安全受到嚴重威脅。新疆堅持標本兼治，打擊與預防相結合，通過依法設立教培中心，開展職業技能教育培訓工作，著力消除恐怖主義、宗教極端主義滋生蔓延的土壤和條件，有效遏制了恐怖活動多發頻發勢頭，最大限度保障了各族人民的生命權、健康權、發展權等基本權利，取得了反恐、去極端化鬥爭重要階段性勝利。

Terrorism and extremism are the common enemies of human society. Counterterrorism and de-extremification are the common responsibilities of the international community. Xinjiang is the main battlefield for China's struggle against terrorism and extremism. For a period of time, Xinjiang has been deeply victimized by terrorism and religious extremism, and the security of people’s lives has been seriously threatened. Xinjiang perseveres in treating both the symptoms and the root causes, and combining attack and prevention; carries out vocational education and training through establishing education and training centers in accordance with the law; strives to eliminate the soil and conditions for the breeding and spread of terrorism and religious extremism; has effectively curbed the momentum of the frequent occurrences of terrorist activities; protects the basic rights of the people of all ethnic groups to the maximum extent, such as the rights to life, health, and development; and has achieved a major interim victory in the struggle against terrorism and extremism.

新疆依據《中華人民共和國反恐怖主義法》《新疆維吾爾自治區實施〈中華人民共和國反恐怖主義法〉辦法》《新疆維吾爾自治區去極端化條例》等法律法規，設立了教培中心，開展幫教等工作。目前進入教培中心的學員有三類：一是被教唆、脅迫、引誘參與恐怖活動、極端主義活動，或者參與恐怖活動、極端主義活動情節輕微，尚不構成犯罪的人員。二是被教唆、脅迫、引誘參與恐怖活動、極端主義活動，或者參與恐怖活動、極端主義活動，有現實危險性，尚未造成實際危害後果，主觀惡性不深，能夠認罪悔罪，依法不需要判處刑罰或者免除刑罰，自願接受培訓的人員。三是因恐怖活動犯罪、極端主義犯罪被定罪處刑，刑滿釋放前經評估仍有社會危險性，人民法院依法決定在刑滿釋放後進行安置教育的人員。對第一、第三類人員，根據《中華人民共和國反恐怖主義法》第二十九條、第三十條的規定，依法進行幫教或者安置教育。對第二類人員，則本著寬嚴相濟的刑事政策，打擊少數、挽救多數，對認罪悔罪、自願接受培訓的人員，在依法作出不起訴決定後對其進行幫教。對上述人員，通過“集中培訓、寄宿學習、實踐培養”等多種形式開展免費職業技能教育培訓，並在學員考核達標後頒發結業證書。學員結業後，可以自主擇業，也可以由有關部門協助安排就業。參加教育培訓的人數是動態的，有進有出。隨著教培工作的有效開展和推進，大多數學員已達到培訓要求順利結業。

In accordance with the Counter-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Implementing Measures for the Counter-Terrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Regulation on De-Extremification, and other laws and regulations, Xinjiang has established education and training centers to carry out work such as mentoring.

There are currently three categories of students entering education and training centers: First is persons who are instigated, coerced, or lured into participating in terrorist or extremist activities, or persons whose participation in terrorist or extremist activities is minor and does not constitute a crime. Second is [those] who are instigated, coerced, or lured into participating in terrorist or extremist activities, or whose participation in terrorist or extremist activities poses a real danger but has not yet caused actual harmful consequences, whose subjective malice is not deep, who can plead guilty and repent, who do not need to be criminally sentenced or are exempt from criminal penalties, and who voluntarily accept training. Third is [those] who have been convicted of and sentenced for terrorist or extremist crimes and found through assessment before their release to still be dangerous to society at the completion of their sentence, and for whom post-release educational placement is ordered by the people's court in accordance with the law.

For the first and third categories of persons, according to the provisions in Article 29 and Article 30 of the Counter-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China, mentoring or placement education is conducted in accordance with the law. For the second category of persons, based on the criminal policy of “tempering justice with leniency” [and the principle of] striking a small number to save the majority, those who plead guilty and repent and voluntarily accept training, mentoring is provided after a decision is made, in accordance with the law, not to prosecute them.

For the above-mentioned persons, free vocational education and training are carried out in various forms including “centralized training, boarding studies, and practical cultivation,” and a completion certificate is issued after assessment showing that the student has met standards. After students complete their studies, they can choose their own employment, or be assisted by relevant departments to arrange for employment. The number of people attending education and training is dynamic, showing entrances and exits. With the effective development and promotion of education and training work, the majority of trainees have met training requirements and successfully completed their studies.