联合国特别程序,是指由人权理事会或其前身人权委员会任命的独立人权专家,就人权相关的专题或人权状况令人关注的特定国家,提交建议和报告。特别程序可以个人的形式进行,如特别报告员和独立专家,或者以每个联合国区域小组各一名独立专家组成的五人工作小组开展。
特别程序通常由人权理事会决议设立的任务而产生,任务概述它的专题或国别属性及职责。特别程序行动可能包括国别访问、向成员国发函提出侵犯人权的状况以引起关注、发布报告、进行专题研究以及咨询。这一职位的候选人由范围广泛的参与者提名,包括国家、非政府组织和个人。人权理事会的协调小组随后评估被提名人,从他们的专业、经验、独立性、公正性和个人品行进行考虑,向理事会主席推荐候选人。
自从第一个特别程序设立以来——1967年南非特设专家工作组和种族隔离问题特别报告员,特别程序的数量和作用一直在稳步提升。1980年,被强迫或非自愿失踪问题工作组设立,这是第一个专题任务,而不是国别任务。随后,更多的专题任务设立,包括了1982年的法外处决、即审即决或任意处决问题特别报告员、1985年的酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚问题特别报告员。截至2014年6月,人权理事会设立了37个专题任务,涵盖了从公民和政治权利到经济、社会和文化权利有关的一系列议题,以及13个国别任务。
(中文翻译仅包括标题页、目录或引言摘录)
2021
2019
2016
Links
[1] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/te-bie-cheng-xu-kai-zhan-de-guo-bie-fang-wen
[2] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/te-bie-cheng-xu-lai-wang-han-jian
[3] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/ren-yi-ji-ya-wen-ti-gong-zuo-zu-dui-ge-de-yi-jian
[4] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/bei-qiang-po-huo-fei-zi-yuan-shi-zong-wen-ti-gong-zuo-zu
[5] ../sites/default/files/211206_hric_subm_to_srijl_ch.pdf
[6] ../sites/default/files/210831_hric_submission_to_srt_thematic_report_ch.pdf
[7] ../sites/default/files/210730_hric_submission_for_srfoaa_50th_hrc_session_report_ch.pdf
[8] ../sites/default/files/210614_hric_submission_srfoe_ch.pdf
[9] ../sites/default/files/210218_hric_submission_to_sr_education_public_ch.pdf
[10] ../sites/default/files/210129_submission_to_srfoaa_47th_hrc_ch.pdf
[11] ../sites/default/files/190215_hric_submission_ch.pdf
[12] ../sites/default/files/161120_hric_submission_to_srfoe_ch.pdf
[13] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/zhong-guo-yu-lian-he-guo
[14] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/node/12252
[15] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[16] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/2018nian-lian-he-guo-dui-zhong-guo-de-pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[17] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/2013nian-dui-zhong-guo-de-pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[18] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/2009nian-dui-zhong-guo-de-pu-bian-ding-qi-shen-yi
[19] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/te-bie-cheng-xu
[20] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/lian-he-guo-tiao-yue-ji-gou-yu-zhong-guo
[21] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/zhong-guo-he-jin-zhi-ku-xing-gong-yue
[22] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/can-ji-ren-quan-li-guo-ji-gong-yue-crpd
[23] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/er-tong-quan-li-gong-yue-crc
[24] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/xiao-chu-dui-fu-nu-yi-qie-xing-shi-qi-shi-gong-yue-cedaw
[25] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/xiao-chu-yi-qie-xing-shi-chong-zu-qi-shi-guo-ji-gong-yue-cerd
[26] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/gong-min-quan-li-he-zheng-zhi-quan-li-guo-ji-gong-yue-iccpr
[27] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/jing-ji-she-hui-wen-hua-quan-li-guo-ji-gong-yue-icescr
[28] http://www.ohchr.org/CH/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Welcomepage.aspx
[29] http://www.universal-rights.org/component/k2/special-procedures-determinants-of-influence
[30] http://www.escr-net.org/docs/i/425392
[31] https://www.hrichina.org/chs/juan-kuan-fang-shi
[32] http://eepurl.com/bh-Afn
[33] http://www.youtube.com/user/hrichina
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